Preterm Birth Explained: Causes, Symptoms, Risks, and Prevention Tips
Issue No. 4: Black Maternal Health
Words - Edwina Horton, RN
Illustration - Alexandra Folino
What is preterm birth?
Also known as premature birth, preterm birth is when a baby is born before 37 weeks of pregnancy. Babies born this early often show physical signs of prematurity and can develop a range of medical complications.
What causes preterm birth?
The three main risk factors for preterm birth are:
Having a preterm birth in the past
Carrying twins or multiples
Abnormalities of the uterus or prior cervical surgery
Health problems such as diabetes and high blood pressure, or using tobacco, alcohol or illicit drugs during pregnancy are also risk factors. Unfortunately, 2/3 of preterm births occur in individuals with no risk factors at all.
What are the symptoms of preterm birth?
Early indicators of preterm birth include heavy pelvic pressure, dull backaches, your water breaking prematurely, or vaginal bleeding or spotting in the third trimester. Call your health care providers simmediately if you experience more than six contractions in an hour despite rest, or if any vaginal bleeding occurs.
What are the long term effects of preterm birth?
While many children who are born preterm grow up to lead healthy lives, others can face health problems that cause chronic illnesses and long-term disabilities.
How can I prevent a premature birth?
In certain cases, the hormone progesterone can be used during pregnancy to help reduce your risk of preterm birth. Progesterone should be used only if it’s offered by your provider.
Breaking unhealthy habits like smoking, and receiving treatment for excessive drug use are steps you can take. You should also get tested and treated for any infections that involve your reproductive system, such as UTIs and STDs. Prenatal assessments are also important because conditions like high blood pressure and diabetes can be diagnosed and managed early.
How can I find support for preterm birth?
Preterm birth is often unexpected and you’re not alone. Organizations like Graham’s Foundation guide families who experience preterm birth, and offer care package programs. The National Coalition for Infant Health advocates on behalf of preterm infants from birth to age 2, and provides accessible information and supportive services for families.
